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Authors
Abstract(s)
A imagem médica apresenta cada vez mais um papel indispensável, quer ao nível do diagnóstico, como ao nível da terapia. Quando conciliada com reconstruções tridimensionais e impressão de modelos 3D abre novas oportunidades no avanço da medicina.
A junção da imagem médica à possibilidade de melhoria nesses processos, pode promover a criação de soluções individualizadas e adaptadas a cada caso.
Este trabalho teve por base a imagem médica com o objetivo de desenvolver dois modelos 3D, a partir de imagens 2D, de estruturas anatómicas com patologias distintas.
Neste estudo foram utilizados exames, de um hospital situado na região de Lisboa, com a finalidade de, após a sua análise, serem escolhidos dois casos correspondentes aos dois modelos de estudo. O primeiro modelo passou pela representação de um órgão, nomeadamente o rim, que apresenta um carcinoma das células renais. O segundo modelo corresponde a um vaso, mais precisamente a artéria aorta abdominal que contém como elementos patológicos um aneurisma.
Foram recolhidos exames de tomografia computorizada (TC) abdominal e pélvico, para o primeiro caso de estudo e exames de angio TC, para o segundo caso de estudo.
Para produzir os modelos utilizou-se um programa, de software de código aberto, dirigido para imagem médica com processamento de imagem e visualização tridimensional, de nome 3D Slicer. Para além deste programa, recorreu-se ao programa Solidwork para efetuar melhorias dos modelos, para que fossem passiveis de impressão 3D.
Concluiu-se com este estudo, focado na região abdominal e pélvica, que é possível criar modelos 3D de estruturas anatómicas complexas, sendo uma técnica cada vez mais a adotar, pois auxilia no diagnóstico médico e na perceção anatómica de patológica.
Verificou-se também que existem limitações mediante o tipo de estrutura que se pretende representar, e neste caso constatou-se que o rim, por ter uma estrutura mais complexa, impôs mais obstáculos para a criação do modelo 3D, comparativamente à artéria aorta abdominal.
Medical imaging plays, nowadays, an indispensable role both in diagnosis and in therapy. When coupled with tridimensional reconstructions and 3D model printing, it provides new prospects towards the advances in medicine, since medical imaging can create individualized solutions that are adapted to each medical case. This work used medical imaging with the aim to develop two 3D models, from 2D images, of anatomical structures with distinct pathologies. To do so, several exams from a hospital in the Lisbon area were employed. After their analysis, two medical cases that corresponded to the two study models were chosen. The first model was a representation of a kidney, that displayed a carcinoma in its cells. The second one to a vase, an abdominal aorta artery, that showed an aneurysm as a pathological element. Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans were collected for the first case study and CT angiography for the second one. To produce the models, an open source software, dedicated towards medical imaging with image processing and three-dimensional visualization, named 3D Slicer was used. Besides this software, Solidworks was used to optimize the models, in order to make them 3D printable. This work allows to conclude that it is possible to generate 3D models of complex anatomical structures, being this a strategy that should be adopted in the future, since it helps in medical diagnosis and in the anatomical perception of the pathology. However, there are some limitations, namely regarding the anatomical structure to be represented. In this case, the kidney imposed more obstacles for the creation of the 3D model, compared to the abdominal aorta artery, since it has a more complex structure.
Medical imaging plays, nowadays, an indispensable role both in diagnosis and in therapy. When coupled with tridimensional reconstructions and 3D model printing, it provides new prospects towards the advances in medicine, since medical imaging can create individualized solutions that are adapted to each medical case. This work used medical imaging with the aim to develop two 3D models, from 2D images, of anatomical structures with distinct pathologies. To do so, several exams from a hospital in the Lisbon area were employed. After their analysis, two medical cases that corresponded to the two study models were chosen. The first model was a representation of a kidney, that displayed a carcinoma in its cells. The second one to a vase, an abdominal aorta artery, that showed an aneurysm as a pathological element. Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans were collected for the first case study and CT angiography for the second one. To produce the models, an open source software, dedicated towards medical imaging with image processing and three-dimensional visualization, named 3D Slicer was used. Besides this software, Solidworks was used to optimize the models, in order to make them 3D printable. This work allows to conclude that it is possible to generate 3D models of complex anatomical structures, being this a strategy that should be adopted in the future, since it helps in medical diagnosis and in the anatomical perception of the pathology. However, there are some limitations, namely regarding the anatomical structure to be represented. In this case, the kidney imposed more obstacles for the creation of the 3D model, compared to the abdominal aorta artery, since it has a more complex structure.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Biomédica
Keywords
Imagem médica Medical image Modelos 3D 3D models Tomografia computorizada Computer tomography Impressão 3D 3D printing 3D slicer Solidworks.
Citation
MELO, Mariana Cortilho - Reconstrução 3D e prototipagem rápida de estruturas anatómicas a partir de imagens de tomografia computorizada. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, 2018. Dissertação de mestrado.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa