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Análise das condições de deposição na produção de componentes híbridos por impressão 3D
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Resumo(s)
O desenvolvimento de juntas híbridas entre metais e polímeros tem ganhado destaque em aplicações estruturais leves, especialmente nas indústrias automotiva e aeroespacial. Esse tema é de grande importância, pois, com o surgimento de novas técnicas de ligação entre materiais, como soldadura por fricção e união mecânica, a união híbrida de materiais distintos possibilita a criação de novos materiais que combinam as características e qualidades de cada um, resultando em componentes cada vez mais leves, resistentes e confiáveis. O objetivo deste trabalho destinou-se a analisar as condições de deposição na produção de componentes híbridos (metal-polímero) por modelação por deposição fundida (FDM). Em particular, foi estudada a ligação de chapa de alumínio (Al) a Ácido Polilático (PLA) impresso. Por forma a estudar as condições de adesão na interface metal-polímero, foram testadas diferentes condições topográficas dos componentes de Al. Sobre estas superfícies foram depositadas, por prensagem a quente, películas poliméricas, que funcionarão como camadas intermédias facilitadoras da deposição de material polimérico por FDM, para se avaliar e comparar a resistência da adesão entre os materiais sob essas diferentes preparações superficiais. Foram produzidas amostras em três condições distintas, sem preparação, com lixamento, e com texturização superficial. A caracterização morfológica foi realizada por microscopia óptica e microscopia digital, se analisando as condições de deposição do material polimérico na topografia da placa de Al. Os resultados mostraram que a texturização superficial melhorou as condições de adesão da junta, em comparação com as demais condições de preparação do substrato do Al, sugerindo uma melhor ancoragem mecânica da junta. A preparação da superfície do Al demostrou ser um fator crucial para a eficiência da junta híbrida Al/PLA, revelando a importância de se realizar um controlo topográfico neste tipo de aplicação para o fabrico aditivo pelo método de FDM.
Abstract The development of hybrid joints between metals and polymers has gained prominence in lightweight structural applications, especially in the automotive and aerospace industries. This topic is of great importance because, with the emergence of new techniques for joining materials, such as friction welding and mechanical joining, the hybrid joining of different materials enables the creation of new materials that combine the characteristics and qualities of each, resulting in increasingly lighter, stronger, and more reliable components. The objective of this work was to analyze the deposition conditions in the production of hybrid (metal-polymer) components by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). In particular, the bonding of aluminum (Al) sheet to printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) was studied. In order to study the adhesion conditions at the metal-polymer interface, different topographical conditions of the Al components were tested. Polymer films were deposited on these surfaces by hot pressing, which will act as intermediate layers facilitating the deposition of polymeric material by FDM, in order to evaluate and compare the adhesion strength between the materials under these different surface preparations. Samples were produced under three different conditions: without preparation, with sanding, and with surface texturing. Morphological characterization was performed by optical microscopy and digital microscopy, analyzing the conditions of polymer material deposition on the topography of the Al plate. The results showed that surface texturing improved the adhesion conditions of the joint, compared to the other Al substrate preparation conditions, suggesting better mechanical anchoring of the joint. Al surface preparation proved to be a crucial factor for the efficiency of the Al/PLA hybrid joint, revealing the importance of performing topographic control in this type of application for Additive Manufacturing using the FDM method.
Abstract The development of hybrid joints between metals and polymers has gained prominence in lightweight structural applications, especially in the automotive and aerospace industries. This topic is of great importance because, with the emergence of new techniques for joining materials, such as friction welding and mechanical joining, the hybrid joining of different materials enables the creation of new materials that combine the characteristics and qualities of each, resulting in increasingly lighter, stronger, and more reliable components. The objective of this work was to analyze the deposition conditions in the production of hybrid (metal-polymer) components by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). In particular, the bonding of aluminum (Al) sheet to printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) was studied. In order to study the adhesion conditions at the metal-polymer interface, different topographical conditions of the Al components were tested. Polymer films were deposited on these surfaces by hot pressing, which will act as intermediate layers facilitating the deposition of polymeric material by FDM, in order to evaluate and compare the adhesion strength between the materials under these different surface preparations. Samples were produced under three different conditions: without preparation, with sanding, and with surface texturing. Morphological characterization was performed by optical microscopy and digital microscopy, analyzing the conditions of polymer material deposition on the topography of the Al plate. The results showed that surface texturing improved the adhesion conditions of the joint, compared to the other Al substrate preparation conditions, suggesting better mechanical anchoring of the joint. Al surface preparation proved to be a crucial factor for the efficiency of the Al/PLA hybrid joint, revealing the importance of performing topographic control in this type of application for Additive Manufacturing using the FDM method.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fabrico aditivo Modelação por deposição fundida Peças multimaterial Metal/polímero Additive manufacturing Fused deposition modeling Multimaterial parts Metal/polymer