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- Accommodative–vergence disorders in a paediatric ophthalmology clinical setting in ArgentinaPublication . Iurescia, Alejandra; Iribarren, Rafael; Lança, Carla; Grzybowski, AndrzejPurpose: To determine the frequency of potential non-strabismic accommodative-vergence anomalies (NSAVA) and investigate associations between NSAVA, refractive errors, and age among children attending a paediatric ophthalmology clinic. Methods: This study included children and adolescents aged 5-19 years attending an ophthalmology clinic with at least two follow-up visits. At their first visit, children had a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including refractive error measurement by cycloplegic autorefraction, and spectacles were prescribed if necessary. At the second visit, children had an examination of best-corrected visual acuity, convergence, and accommodation to identify potential NSAVA. The relationship between age, sex, heterophoria refractive error, and potential NSAVA was assessed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 384 children and adolescents were evaluated. Their mean age was 10.97 ± 3.07 years and 58.9% were females. Forty-two percent of children failed the NSAVA tests and 34.1% had myopia (≤-0.50 D). Children who failed NSAVA tests self-reported a higher proportion of reading problems (73.7%) compared to those who passed the tests (26.3%; p < 0.001). Children with self-reported reading problems were more likely to have accommodative infacility (57.9%) compared with children without (42.1%; p < 0.001). Refractive error and age were not associated with failure in NSAVA tests (p > 0.05). Conclusions: NSAVA was a frequent cause of vision problems found in a sample of children from an ophthalmology paediatric clinic. Thus, further research is necessary to understand the potential of public health policies to prevent, refer, diagnose, and treat those conditions.
- Role of tutorial classes and full day schooling on self-reported age of myopia onset: findings in a sample of Argentinian adultsPublication . Lança, Carla; Szeps, Abel; Iribarren, RafaelPurpose: To investigate the effect of tutorial classes and schooling schedules in childhood on the age of myopia onset. Methods: Refractive data for subjects ≥18 years of age were collected from 8 dispensing opticians or refractive ophthalmologists' offices in Argentina. Age of myopia onset, spherical equivalent (SE), and risk factors were determined using questionnaires. Multiple linear regression models were applied to assess possible factors associated with the age of myopia onset or final adult SE. Results: A total of 274 adults (61.3% females) with myopia between -0.50 and -6.00 D were included. The mean age was 36.9 ± 14.5 years. The mean adult SE was -2.95 ± 1.45 D, and the mean age of myopia onset was 14.2 ± 5.4 years. Subjects that attended after-school tutorial classes (β = -2.23; P = 0.005) or a full day schedule in primary school (β = -1.07; P = 0.035) or that spent more time on near work (β = -0.70; P = 0.010) in childhood, had younger age of myopia onset. Conclusions: In our study cohort, adults that had attended tutorial classes and/or full-day schooling during childhood had a younger age of myopia onset.
- Prevalencia de errores refractivos en ópticas de la ciudad de Mendoza, ArgentinaPublication . Iribarren, Rafael; Szeps, Abel; Tomás, Martín de; Impaglazzo, Ricardo; Rozema, Jos; Lança, CarlaRESUMEN - Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue estimar los errores de refracción a partir de los datos de venta de anteojos en Mendoza, Argentina. Materiales y métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal en el que se analizaron los datos de venta de lentes oftálmicas en las ópticas La Pirámide de la ciudad de Mendoza, Argentina. Los datos proporcionados incluyeron la edad y la potencia esférica, la potencia cilíndrica, el eje de las prescripciones de gafas para la distancia y la adición de cerca. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los errores de refracción por edad (proporciones dadas por porcentaje). Resultados: Se incluyeron los datos de venta de gafas de un total de 12.510 sujetos de ambos sexos con una edad media de 51,6 ± 22,2 años (rango 2-103 años). La media del equivalente esférico (SE) fue de -0,30 ± 2,16 D y la media de la adición de cerca fue de +2,15 ± 0,97 D. En total, el 57,6% (n=7.206) de los sujetos tenía astigmatismo, el 35% tenía miopía (n=4.375) y el 2,86% (n=358) tenía miopía alta. El 28,7% (n=3.593) de los sujetos presentaba hipermetropía, el 11,8% (n=1.479) anisometropía y el 8,4% (n=1.045), anisoastigmatismo. Conclusiones: El astigmatismo y la miopía estaban presentes en la mayoría de las prescripciones de gafas. Las campañas de concientización pueden ser importantes para informar a la comunidad sobre la carga que suponen las deficiencias visuales derivadas de los errores de refracción no corregidos. Además, pueden ser necesarios los programas de cribado para la detección precoz y las estrategias preventivas, como los programas al aire libre.