Browsing by Author "Silva, Diana"
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- Análise do produto "Plano Poupança Reforma" na óptica do particular: Abordagem através de instituições bancárias, sociedade financeira postal e uma sociedade de segurosPublication . Silva, Diana; Sítima, Baltasar Francisco BritoAs nossas reformas estão cada vez mais em risco devido ao progressivo aumento da esperança média de vida da população. Sendo cada vez mais escasso o tributo dos contribuintes líquidos, prevê-se assim que dentro de 25 a 30 anos a Segurança Social não terá capital para pagar a totalidade das reformas. Ainda será possível contar com as pensões do Estado? Seguramente! Mas serão suficientes para assegurar um nível de vida aceitável aos futuros pensionistas? Muito provavelmente não! Antecipando esta realidade é tempo de começarmos a pensar na nossa reforma procurando as melhores soluções para constituir uma complemento de reforma. Constituir um Plano de Poupança Reforma (PPR) pode revelar-se difícil nos dias de hoje devido pouco rendimento disponível, mas quanto mais cedo começar a poupar para a reforma, mais fácil será, face a um futuro incerto. Apurou-se que existem disponíveis, vários tipos de PPR, que diferem no capital e na rentabilidade, consoante o horizontal temporal e o objectivo do investidor. Se a estratégia se baseia no futuro, faz todo o sentido o investidor seleccionar investimentos de longo prazo e que ofereçam possibilidades de rentabilização superiores à média. Se o investidor pretender uma rentabilidade a curto prazo através de investimentos diversificados, não encontra vantagens em optar por investimentos a longo prazo, porque estes possuem limitações nas questões de liquidez ou acarretar encargos significativos (comissões). O objectivo principal deste trabalho é conhecer e perceber a estrutura conceptual do objecto, nomeadamente através da aprendizagem de conceitos e cálculo; identificação dos problemas do produto; estratégia de escolha do produto; a capacidade de decisão.
- Clinical classification versus semiquantification with adapted reference values for 123I-FP-CIT SPECT in a nuclear medicine departmentPublication . Silva, Diana; Elias, Madalena; Queiroga, Margarida; Serrano, José; Rayo Madrid, Juan Ignacio; Carolino, Elisabete; Sousa, EvaSemi quantification (SQ) in DaTScan® studies is broadly used in clinic daily basis, however there is a suspicious about its discriminative capability, and concordance with the diagnostic classification performed by the physician. Aim: Evaluate the discriminate capability of an adapted database and reference's values of healthy controls for the Dopamine Transporters (DAT) with 123I–FP-IT named DBRV adapted to Nuclear Medicine Department's protocol and population of Infanta Cristina's Hospital, and its concordance with the physician classification.
- Criação e validação de valores de referência para semiquantificação em exames de SPECT com 123I-FP- CIT para o Hospital Infanta Cristina em BadajozPublication . Silva, Diana; Queiroga, Margarida; Elias, Maria; Rayo Madrid, Juan Ignacio; Serrano Vicente, Justo; Carolino, Elisabete; Sousa, EvaSemiquantificação (SQ) nos exames de O DaTScanTM pode apresentar vantagens no diagnóstico de Síndromes Parkinsonianos (SP), especialmente quando os valores utilizados para referência da SQ são adaptados ao serviço em causa. Objetivo do estudo - Criação e validação de bases de dados e valores de referência (VR) adaptados na SQ para diagnóstico de SP recorrendo ao de DaTScanTM, adaptados para o Hospital Infanta Cristina em Badajoz.
- Implementation of a new reference values database for semiquantification in123I-FP-CIT brain single emission tomographyPublication . Queiroga, Margarida; Silva, Diana; Elias, Madalena; Serrano, José; Madrid, José; Carolino, Elisabete; Sousa, EvaBrain dopamine transporters imaging by Single Emission Tomography (SPECT) with 123I-FP-CIT (DaTScanTM) has become an important tool in the diagnosis and evaluation of Parkinson syndromes.This diagnostic method allows the visualization of a portion of the striatum – where healthy pattern resemble two symmetric commas - allowing the evaluation of dopamine presynaptic system, in which dopamine transporters are responsible for dopamine release into the synaptic cleft, and their reabsorption into the nigrostriatal nerve terminals, in order to be stored or degraded. In daily practice for assessment of DaTScan TM, it is common to rely only on visual assessment for diagnosis. However, this process is complex and subjective as it depends on the observer’s experience and it is associated with high variability intra and inter observer. Studies have shown that semiquantification can improve the diagnosis of Parkinson syndromes. For semiquantification, analysis methods of image segmentation using regions of interest (ROI) are necessary. ROIs are drawn, in specific - striatum - and in nonspecific – background – uptake areas. Subsequently, specific binding ratios are calculated. Low adherence of semiquantification for diagnosis of Parkinson syndromes is related, not only with the associated time spent, but also with the need of an adapted database of reference values for the population concerned, as well as, the examination of each service protocol. Studies have concluded, that this process increases the reproducibility of semiquantification. The aim of this investigation was to create and validate a database of healthy controls for Dopamine transporters with DaTScanTM named DBRV. The created database has been adapted to the Nuclear Medicine Department’s protocol, and the population of Infanta Cristina’s Hospital located in Badajoz, Spain.
- Influence of semiquantification in DATSCANTM studies for diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromesPublication . Queiroga, M.; Elias, M.; Silva, Diana; Serrano, J.; Rayo, J. I.; Carolino, Elisabete; Vieira, Lina; Sousa, EvaHealthy controls reference values (RV) of DatScanTM and its semi-quantification (SQ) adapted to Infanta Cristina’s Hospital in Badajoz were created. It was used with a sample of 120 DaTScanTM tests divided into 4 groups with n = 30. The first one of healthy controls (GI) was used for calculation of RV. It was applied a semiautomatic method for segmentation and posterior calculi of the specific uptake ratios (SUR), respectively: Left and Right Caudate Nucleus/Occipital (A) and (B); Left and Right Putamen/Occipital (C) and (D); Striatum/Occipital (E); Left and Right Striatum/Occipital (F) and (G); Putamen/Caudate Nucleus (H). The second and third groups (healthy group (GIIH) and pathological group (GIIP)) were compared to GI for validation proposes. Control chards and ROC curves (ROCC) were obtained. The fourth group of randomized patients was used to evaluate the ability of SQ classification and it was compared with the physician evaluation. Sensibility (S), Specificity (SP), Positive (PPV) and Negative (NPV) predictive values were calculated. RV ( ̅ ): A (2.60±0.40); B (2.57±0.36); C (2.29±0.36); D (2.31±0.35); E (2.44±0.35); F (2,44±0,37); G (2,44±0,34); H (0.89±0.07). The GIIH values are above the RV and the GIIP group below the RV. The AUC, S and SP values for each SUR obtained by ROCC were: A (0.805; 0.765; 0.846); B (0.787; 0.711; 0.864); C (0.907; 0.853; 0.962); D (0.933; 0.930; 0.933); E (0.884; 0.871; 0.897); F (0.860; 0.800; 0.920); G (0.868; 0.844; 0.893); H (0.866; 0.732; 1.00). Were obtained results for PPV=0.466; NPV=1; S=1 and SP=0.65. The SQ combined with the visual analysis is a good method to detect healthy patients.
- Validation of a new reference values’s database for semiquantification of 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT scans in one nuclear medicine departmentPublication . Elias, Madalena; Queiroga, Margarida; Silva, Diana; Serrado, José; Madrid, José; Carolino, Elisabete; Sousa, EvaThe DatScanTM and its Semiquantification (SQ) can provide advantages in the diagnosis of Parkinsonian Syndromes (PS). To improve the SQ is recommended the creation of adapted database (DB) with reference values for the Nuclear Medicine Departments. Previously to this work was created a adapted database (DBRV) to Nuclear Medicine Department's protocol and population of Infanta Cristina's Hospital located in Badajoz, for patients between the ages of 60 and 75, and reference values of the SQ were calculated. Aim: To evaluate the discrimination capacity of a department's adapted DB reference's values of healthy controls for DatScanTM.