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Authors
Abstract(s)
A dissertação é uma contribuição no âmbito do estudo, da implementação e do desenvolvimento de um protótipo funcional, destinado ao controlo auxiliar de uma bateria de condensadores. O protótipo é uma solução alternativa à atualmente utilizada pela empresa envolvida no projeto, a NEMOTEK, tendo como função principal implementar na bateria de condensadores os horários provenientes pela Entidade Reguladora dos Serviços Energéticos (ERSE). Não é função do equipamento o cálculo do consumo ou fator de potência.
A solução implementada recorre a duas entradas e três saídas, permitindo que as saídas comandem o ligar ou desligar total da bateria de condensadores, sendo esta formada por vários escalões, ou o ligar ou desligar de escalões individuais da bateria. O escalão pode ser de carácter capacitivo ou indutivo. Cada saída pode ser controlada exclusivamente pelo horário estabelecido, ou por uma das entradas, ou até por ambos, horário e entrada. As entradas podem ser configuradas para uma de duas funções, a de controlo ou de alarme, sendo possível escolher ambas as entradas com a mesma função, ou diferenciá-las. Para ser possível o controlo de uma saída a partir de uma entrada, esta entrada terá que ter a função de controlo, uma vez que a função de alarme está destinada apenas a desligar todas as saídas quando esta é acionada, emitindo um sinal sonoro, sobrepondo-se às eventuais entradas configuradas como controlo.
A solução é apresentada num protótipo funcional, que utiliza um microcontrolador do tipo Arduino Mega. A complexidade na construção do algoritmo a usar no protótipo, consiste no gerir automaticamente a data e hora; a de atrasar ou adiantar a hora, segundo a hora legal de verão e inverno; a de gerir os feriados, independentemente do país onde for implementado, ou qual o dia da semana, entre outras tarefas ligadas a esta regulação temporal.
Para a concretização do protótipo foi necessário planear e conceber a placa eletrónica, desde o Printed Circuit Board (PCB) até à soldagem dos componentes. Para isso foi utilizado o Eagle CAD. Além disso foram feitos testes laboratoriais para testar o comportamento de acordo com os requisitos físicos e de controlo estabelecidos neste projeto.
The purpose of this dissertation is a contribution to the study, implementation and development of a functional prototype, for the auxiliary control of a capacitor bank. This is an alternative solution, to the one that is currently used by the company involved in this project, the NEMOTEK. The main function of the prototype is to implement the schedules provide by the Regulator of Energy Services (ERSE). Although the calculation of consumption power or power factor is not a function of this equipment. The implemented solution uses two inputs and three outputs, allowing the outputs to switch on or off the capacitor bank, being this formed by various steps, or to switch on or off only one step. These steps may have a capacitive or inductive character. In addition, the outputs can be controlled only by the schedule, or only by the input, or also by both, schedule and input. The inputs can be configured for one of two functions, control or alarm, and it is possible to choose both inputs with the same function or to differentiate them. To control an output by an input, the input must have the control function, because the alarm function is meant to turn off all the outputs, when the input with this function is activated, triggering a beep, overlapping the eventual inputs configured as control. The solution is established for a functional prototype, which uses the Arduino Mega microcontroller. This automatically manages the date and time. Is capable of checking by itself, when there is the need to delay or advance the hour, according to the summer and winter time. This system can also manage national holidays, regardless the country, or any weekday, among other tasks related to time regulation. For the implementation was necessary to design the all electronic board, from the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) to the soldering of the components. For this was used the Eagle CAD software. To verified the correct operations was performed tests in laboratory.
The purpose of this dissertation is a contribution to the study, implementation and development of a functional prototype, for the auxiliary control of a capacitor bank. This is an alternative solution, to the one that is currently used by the company involved in this project, the NEMOTEK. The main function of the prototype is to implement the schedules provide by the Regulator of Energy Services (ERSE). Although the calculation of consumption power or power factor is not a function of this equipment. The implemented solution uses two inputs and three outputs, allowing the outputs to switch on or off the capacitor bank, being this formed by various steps, or to switch on or off only one step. These steps may have a capacitive or inductive character. In addition, the outputs can be controlled only by the schedule, or only by the input, or also by both, schedule and input. The inputs can be configured for one of two functions, control or alarm, and it is possible to choose both inputs with the same function or to differentiate them. To control an output by an input, the input must have the control function, because the alarm function is meant to turn off all the outputs, when the input with this function is activated, triggering a beep, overlapping the eventual inputs configured as control. The solution is established for a functional prototype, which uses the Arduino Mega microcontroller. This automatically manages the date and time. Is capable of checking by itself, when there is the need to delay or advance the hour, according to the summer and winter time. This system can also manage national holidays, regardless the country, or any weekday, among other tasks related to time regulation. For the implementation was necessary to design the all electronic board, from the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) to the soldering of the components. For this was used the Eagle CAD software. To verified the correct operations was performed tests in laboratory.
Description
Trabalho final de mestrado para a obtenção de grau de mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica – Ramo de Automação e Eletrónica Industrial
Keywords
Microcontrolador Microcontroller Bateria de condensadores Capacitor bank Horários da ERSE ERSE schedules PCB Eagle
Citation
NUNES, Patrícia Cabaço - Desenvolvimento de unidade digital de controlo auxiliar para baterias de condensadores. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2017. Dissertação de mestrado.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa