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CaracterizaĆ§Ć£o experimental da rotura de diques fluviais por galgamento
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Authors
Abstract(s)
A manifestaĆ§Ć£o das alteraƧƵes climĆ”ticas tem vindo a provocar a rotura de barragens de aterro e diques. Estas provocaƧƵes apresentaram particular interessante no campo da investigaĆ§Ć£o ao nĆvel da rotura de barragens de aterro ā Ć”rea com maior incidĆŖncia de estudo. Todavia, a rotura de diques fluviais tambĆ©m apresenta interesse, sendo vĆ”rios os motivos que suportam a necessidade de desenvolver novos estudos acerca de acidentes nesta matĆ©ria. Entre os motivos que podem originar a rotura de um dique, podem existir a ocorrĆŖncia de graves inundaƧƵes afetando as Ć”reas urbanas e rurais e resultando em perdas humanas, econĆ³micas e ambientais significativas. A rotura de um dique Ć© um processo complexo dependente nĆ£o apenas das condiƧƵes do escoamento no rio, mas tambĆ©m das condiƧƵes geotĆ©cnicas do corpo do dique. Assim, a realizaĆ§Ć£o de estudos dedicados, que permitam aprofundar o conhecimento sobre os processos de desencadeamento e evoluĆ§Ć£o da rotura, contribuirĆ£o para uma melhor caracterizaĆ§Ć£o do hidrograma efluente do dique em rotura e, consequentemente, para a obtenĆ§Ć£o de melhores estimativas das Ć”reas inundadas. O tema da dissertaĆ§Ć£o estĆ” inserido num projeto de investigaĆ§Ć£o financiado pela FCT, designado por āDikesFPro ā IntegraĆ§Ć£o de dados e modelos para a compreensĆ£o de processos de rotura de diques ā PTDC/ECEGC/7739/2020ā a decorrer no LaboratĆ³rio Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC), em parceria com o Instituto Superior TĆ©cnico (IST) e corresponde Ć colaboraĆ§Ć£o numa parte dos ensaios em modelo fĆsico da componente experimental deste projeto. Assim, o trabalho de mestrado contemplou a participaĆ§Ć£o em quatro ensaios experimentais cujos parĆ¢metros estudados fora a composiĆ§Ć£o do corpo do dique (curva granulomĆ©trica) e as condiƧƵes de aproximaĆ§Ć£o do escoamento ao dique (nĆŗmero de Froude), e tambĆ©m a participaĆ§Ć£o no tratamento e anĆ”lise dos dados adquiridos. Os ensaios experimentais previstos utilizaram instrumentaĆ§Ć£o e mĆ©todos experimentais inovadores, que permitiram monitorizar e caracterizar os parĆ¢metros de interesse para os fenĆ³menos em estudo, nomeadamente: a evoluĆ§Ć£o geomĆ©trica da brecha durante o processo de rotura, os campos de velocidade superficiais na aproximaĆ§Ć£o e junto Ć brecha, o hidrograma efluente do dique em rotura.
Abstract The manifestation of climate change has been causing the failure of earth-fill dams and dykes. This issue has attracted significant interest in research, particularly in the field of earth-fill dam failure, which has been more extensively studied. However, the failure of river dykes also presents considerable interest, with various reasons supporting the need for further studies on incidents related to this topic. Potential causes of dyke failure include severe flooding that affects both urban and rural areas, resulting in significant human, economic, and environmental losses. The failure of a dyke is a complex process dependent not only on river flow conditions but also on the geotechnical properties of the dyke itself. Therefore, conducting dedicated studies to deepen the understanding of the triggering and evolution processes of dyke failure will contribute to a better characterization of the effluent hydrograph of the failing dyke and, consequently, to more accurate estimates of the flooded areas. The subject of the dissertation is part of a research project funded by FCT, titled āDikesFPro ā Integration of Data and Models for Understanding Dyke Failure Processes ā PTDC/ECEGC/7739/2020,ā which is being conducted at the LaboratĆ³rio Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC), in partnership with the Instituto Superior TĆ©cnico (IST). It involves collaboration in a portion of the physical model tests of the experimental component of this project. Thus, the master's work included participation in four experimental tests, where the parameters studied were the composition of the dyke body (grain size curve) and the flow conditions approaching the dyke (Froude number), as well as involvement in the processing and analysis of the acquired data. The planned experimental tests employed innovative instrumentation and experimental methods, allowing for the monitoring and characterization of key parameters for the phenomena under study, including the geometric evolution of the breach during the failure process, surface velocity fields near and around the breach, and the effluent hydrograph of the failing dyke.
Abstract The manifestation of climate change has been causing the failure of earth-fill dams and dykes. This issue has attracted significant interest in research, particularly in the field of earth-fill dam failure, which has been more extensively studied. However, the failure of river dykes also presents considerable interest, with various reasons supporting the need for further studies on incidents related to this topic. Potential causes of dyke failure include severe flooding that affects both urban and rural areas, resulting in significant human, economic, and environmental losses. The failure of a dyke is a complex process dependent not only on river flow conditions but also on the geotechnical properties of the dyke itself. Therefore, conducting dedicated studies to deepen the understanding of the triggering and evolution processes of dyke failure will contribute to a better characterization of the effluent hydrograph of the failing dyke and, consequently, to more accurate estimates of the flooded areas. The subject of the dissertation is part of a research project funded by FCT, titled āDikesFPro ā Integration of Data and Models for Understanding Dyke Failure Processes ā PTDC/ECEGC/7739/2020,ā which is being conducted at the LaboratĆ³rio Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC), in partnership with the Instituto Superior TĆ©cnico (IST). It involves collaboration in a portion of the physical model tests of the experimental component of this project. Thus, the master's work included participation in four experimental tests, where the parameters studied were the composition of the dyke body (grain size curve) and the flow conditions approaching the dyke (Froude number), as well as involvement in the processing and analysis of the acquired data. The planned experimental tests employed innovative instrumentation and experimental methods, allowing for the monitoring and characterization of key parameters for the phenomena under study, including the geometric evolution of the breach during the failure process, surface velocity fields near and around the breach, and the effluent hydrograph of the failing dyke.
Description
DissertaĆ§Ć£o para obtenĆ§Ć£o do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil, na Ćrea de EspecializaĆ§Ć£o de HidrĆ”ulica
Keywords
Rotura de diques fluviais Ensaios experimentais Processo de evoluĆ§Ć£o da brecha ReconstruĆ§Ć£o 3D Campos de velocidade superficiais Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) Rupture of river dikes Experimental trials Rupture gap 3D reconstruction PTV velocity maps
Citation
PALINHOS, Marta GonƧalves ā CaracterizaĆ§Ć£o experimental da rotura de diques fluviais por galgamento. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa. 2024. DissertaĆ§Ć£o de Mestrado.