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PichardoPreux Pierre-MarieIris PigeotHynek PikhartAida PilavPavel PilerLorenza PilottoFrancesco PistelliFreda PitakakaAleksandra PiwonskaAndreia N. PizarroPedro Plans-RubióAlina G. PlatonovaBee Koon PohHermann PohlabelnRaluca M. PopBarry M. PopkinStevo R. PopovicMiquel PortaGeorg PoschAnil PoudyalDimitrios PoulimeneasHamed PouraramFarhad PourfarziAkram PourshamsHossein PoustchiDorairaj PrabhakaranRajendra PradeepaAndrew PrenticeAlison J. PriceJacqueline F. PriceAntonio PristaRui ProvidenciaJardena J. PuderIveta PuduleSoile PuhakkaMaria PuiuMargus PunabMuhammed S. QadirRadwan F. QasrawiQing QiaoMostafa QorbaniAnna QuialheiroHedley K. QuintanaPedro J. Quiroga-PadillaTran Quoc BaoStefan RachMaria-Victoria RacuIvana RadicRicardas RadisauskasSalar RahimikazerooniMahfuzar RahmanMahmudur RahmanOlli RaitakariManu RajTamerlan RajabovSherali RakhmatulloevIvo RakovacSudha Ramachandra RaoAmbady RamachandranOtim P. C. RamadanVirgílio V. RamiresManuel Ramirez-ZeaJacqueline RamkeElisabete RamosRafel RamosLekhraj RampalSanjay RampalSheena E. RamsayJoão F. L. B. Rangel JuniorLalka S. RangelovaHarish RanjaniRavindra P. Rannan-EliyaJoão F. RaposoPatricia RarauVayia RarraRamon A. Rascon-PachecoMohammad-Mahdi RashidiCassiano Ricardo RechCristina Recuero CarreteroJosep RedonValéria RegecováJane D. P. RennerJudit A. RepasyCézane P. ReuterLuis RevillaAndrew ReynoldsNegar RezaeiAbbas RezaianzadehYeunsook RhoLourdes Ribas-BarbaRobespierre RibeiroRogério T. RibeiroElio RiboliFernando RigoAttilio RigottiLeanne M. RileyNatascia RinaldoTobias F. Rinke de WitUlf RisérusAna I. RitoRaphael M. Ritti-DiasJuan A. RiveraReina G. RoaRomana RoccaldoDaniela RodriguesFernando Rodríguez-ArtalejoManuel A. Rodríguez-PérezMaría del Cristo Rodriguez-PerezLaura A. Rodríguez-VillamizarAndrea Y. RodríguezUlla RoggenbuckPeter RohloffFabian RohnerRosalba Rojas-MartinezGemma Rojo-MartínezNipa RojroongwasinkulAlmudena Rollán GordoDora RomagueraElisabetta L. RomeoGil B. RosaRafaela V. RosarioAnnika RosengrenIan RouseVanessa RouzierJoel G. R. RoyMaira Ruano EstradaMaira H. RuanoAdolfo RubinsteinFrank J. RühliJean-Bernard RuidavetsBlanca Sandra Ruiz-BetancourtMaria Ruiz-CastellEmma Ruiz MorenoIuliia A. RusakovaWojciech RusekKenisha Russell JonssonPaola RussoPetra RustMarcin RutkowskiKatri SääksjärviMarge SaamelCrizian G. SaarCharumathi SabanayagamKalpana SabapathyHamideh SabbaghiShaun SabicoHarshpal S. SachdevAlireza SadjadiAli Reza SafarpourSare SafiMohammad Hossien SaghiOlfa SaidiCalogero SaievaSatoko SakataNader SakiSanja ŠalajBenoit SalanaveEduardo Salazar MartinezAkkumis SalkhanovaDiego SalmerónVeikko SalomaaJukka T. SalonenMassimo SalvettiMargarita SamoutianJose Sánchez-AbantoGuillermo Sanchez-DelgadoMairena Sánchez-LópezJoaquin Sanchis-MoysiSusana SansLoreto Santa-MarinaEthel Santacruz LezcanoDiana A. SantosIna S. SantosLèlita C. SantosMaria Paula SantosOsvaldo SantosPalmira SantosRute SantosTamara R. SantosVonthanak SaphonnJouko L. SaramiesLuis B. SardinhaNizal SarrafzadeganYoko SatoKai-Uwe SaumStefan SavinSavvas SavvaMathilde SavyNorie SawadaMariana SbarainiMarcia ScazufcaBeatriz D. SchaanAngelika Schaffrath RosarioHerman SchargrodskyKarin SchindlerAmand Floriaan SchmidtBörge SchmidtCarsten O. SchmidtAndrea SchneiderPeter SchnohrCatherine Mary SchoolingBen SchöttkerSara SchrammStine SchrammHelmut SchröderConstance SchultszGry SchultzMatthias B. SchulzeAletta E. SchutteMoslem SedaghattalabRusidah SelamatAbhijit SenIdowu O. SenbanjoSadaf G. SepanlouGuillermo SequeraLuis Serra-MajemJennifer ServaisĽudmila ŠevčíkováRonel SewpaulSvetlana A. ShalnovaTeresa Shamah-LevySeyed Morteza ShamshirgaranShubash ShanderCoimbatore Subramaniam ShanthiraniMaryam SharafkhahSanjib K. SharmaAlmaz SharmanJonathan E. ShawAmaneh ShayanradAli Akbar ShayestehNurzhamal SheisheevaChing-Fen ShenLela ShengeliaKenji ShibuyaHana Shimizu-FurusawaTal ShimonyAvi ShinaIgor D. ShkrobanetsMarat ShoranovKhairil Si-RamleeAlfonso SianiAbla M. SibaiLabros S. SidossisMark J. SiednerNatalia SilitrariAntonio M. SilvaCaroline Ramos de Moura SilvaDiego Augusto Santos SilvaKelly Samara SilvaXueling SimMary SimonJudith SimonsLeon A. SimonsIvan SimunovicAgneta SjöbergMichael SjöströmElena V. SkoblinaNatalia A. SkoblinaTatyana SlazhnyovaJolanta Slowikowska-HilczerPrzemysław SlusarczykLiam SmeethLee SmithHung-Kwan SoFernanda Cunha SoaresGrzegorz SobekEugène SobngwiMorten SodemannStefan SöderbergMoesijanti Y. E. SoekatriAgustinus SoemantriRaquel Soler-BlascoVincenzo SolfrizziYuliya V. SolovievaMohammad Hossein SomiEmily SonestedtSajid SoofiThorkild I. A. SørensenElin P. SørgjerdVictoria E. Soto-RojasAïcha SoumaréAlfonso Sousa-PozaMafalda Sousa-UvaMam SovathaAgnieszka SozańskaBente Sparboe-NilsenKaren SparrenbergerVita SpeckauskienePhoebe R. SpencerAngela SpinelliIgor SpiroskiJan A. StaessenAleksandra StamenovaHanspeter StammLaura StanciulescuAndreas StangKaspar StaubBill StavreskiJostein Steene-JohannessenPeter StehleAryeh D. SteinSilje SteinsbekkGeorge S. StergiouJochanan StessmanJutta StieberDoris StöcklJakub StokwiszewskiKatarzyna StośEkaterina StoyanovaGareth StrattonKarien StronksMaria Wany StrufaldiLela SturuaMilton F. Suarez-OrtegónPhalakorn SuebsamranMindy S. SugiyamaMachi SukaGerhard SuloMalin SundJohan SundströmYn-Tz SungJordi SunyerUnursaikhan SurenjavPaibul SuriyawongpaisalKitti SusovitsNabil William G. SweisBoyd A. SwinburnRené Charles SylvaUnni SyversenLucjan SzponarYasuharu TabaraLorraine TaboneE. Shyong TaiKonstantinos D. TambalisMari-Liis TammesooAbdonas TamosiunasEng Joo TanBaimakhan TanabayevNikhil TandonXun TangMaya TanrygulyyevaFrank TanserYong TaoMohammed Rasoul TarawnehJakob TarpCarolina B. Tarqui-MamaniRadka Taxová BraunerováAnne TaylorFélicité TchibindatSaskia Te VeldeWilliam R. TebarFahimeh R. TehraniGrethe S. TellTania TelloMasresha TessemaLukas TeuflYih Chung ThamK. R. ThankappanHolger TheobaldXenophon TheodoridisSathish ThirunavukkarasuNihal ThomasBarbara ThorandAmanda G. ThriftĽubica TicháErik J. TimmermansDwi Hapsari TjandrariniAnne TjonnelandErvin ToçiMaryam TohidiHanna K. TolonenJanne S. TolstrupMaciej TomaszewskiMurat TopbasRoman Topór-MądryPere Torán-MonserratLiv Elin TorheimMichael J. TornaritisMaties TorrentLaura Torres-ColladoDuarte TorresSilvia TorresStefania ToselliGiota TouloumiLuciana Tovo-RodriguesPierre TraissacThi Tuyet-Hanh TranMark S. TremblayAreti TriantafyllouAntonia TrichopoulouOanh T. H. TrinhJustina TrišauskėAtul TrivediAlexander C. TsaiLechaba TshepoThomas TsiampalisMaria TsiggaPanagiotis TsintavisShoichiro TsuganeJohn TuiteleAzaliia M. TuliakovaMarshall K. Tulloch-ReidFikru TulluTomi-Pekka TuomainenJaakko TuomilehtoMaria L. TurleyGilad TwigPer TyneliusEvangelia TzalaThemistoklis TzotzasChristophe TzourioNwannedimma UdojiPeter UedaEunice UgelFlora A. M. UkoliHanno UlmerBelgin UnalZhamyila UsupovaHannu M. T. UusitaloNalan UysalSergio ValdesGonzalo ValdiviaSusana ValePopov I. ValeryMajid ValizadehDamaskini ValviRob M. van DamBert-Jan van den BornJohan Van der HeydenYvonne T. van der SchouwKoen Van HerckWendy Van LippeveldeHoang Van MinhNatasja M. Van SchoorIrene G. M. van ValkengoedDirk VanderschuerenDiego VanuzzoAnette VarboGregorio Varela-MoreirasLuz Nayibe VargasSenthil K. VasanDaniel G. VasquesRadu VatasescuTomas VegaToomas VeidebaumGustavo Velasquez-MelendezBiruta VelikaMichel VeltenCharlotte VerdotMaïté VerloigneGiovanni VeronesiW. M. Monique VerschurenGermán Vicente-RodríguezCesar G. VictoraJosep Vidal-ContiGiovanni ViegiLucie VietFrøydis N. VikMonica VilarSalvador VillalpandoLuis VillarroelJesus VioqueNapaphan ViriyautsahakulJyrki K. VirtanenMarjolein VisserBharathi ViswanathanChiranthika VithanaMihaela VladulescuTiina VlasoffPeter VollenweiderHenry VölzkeGeorgia VourliAri VoutilainenMartine VrijheidTanja G. M. VrijkotteSilvije VuletićAlisha N. WadeWakenge WakilongoThomas WaldhörJanette WaltonElvis O. A. WambiyaWan Mohamad Wan BebakarWan Nazaimoon Wan MohamudRildo de Souza Wanderley JúniorChongjian WangHuijun WangNingli WangQian WangXiangjun WangYa Xing WangYi-Ren WangS. Goya WannametheeNicholas WarehamOlivia WarthaAdelheid WeberKaren Webster-KerrNiels WedderkoppDaniel WeghuberLi WeiWenbin WeiAneta WeresBo WernerLeo D. WestburyPeter H. WhincupLars WichstrømKremlin WickramasingheKurt WidhalmIndah S. WidyaheningAndrzej WięcekNilmini WijemunigePhilipp S. WildRainford J. WilksJohann WilleitKarin WilleitPeter WilleitJulianne WilliamsTom WilsgaardJames P. WirthAgnieszka Wiśniowska-SzurlejBogdan WojtyniakMeseret WoldeyohannesKathrin WolfRoy A. Wong-McClureAndrew WongEmily B. WongJyh Eiin WongMark WoodwardAgnieszka E. WoźniakFrederick C. WuHon-Yen WuJianfeng WuLi Juan WuShouling WuJustyna WyszyńskaHaiquan XuLiang XuCan Can XueNor Azwany YaacobUruwan YamborisutLi YanLily D. YanWeili YanLing YangXiaoguang YangYang YangNazan YardimChao-Yu YehMartha Yépez GarcíaPanayiotis K. YiallourosAgneta YngveChandra Mandil YogalMoein YoosefiAkihiro YoshiharaYoto YotovQi Sheng YouYu-Ling YuYunjiang YuSafiah Md YusofAhmad Faudzi YusoffLuciana ZaccagniVassilis ZafiropulosAhmad A. ZainuddinFarhad ZamaniSabina ZambonAntonis ZampelasHana ZamrazilováMaria Elisa ZapataTomasz ZatońskiKo Ko ZawAyman A. ZayedTomasz ZdrojewskiMagdalena ŻegleńKristyna ZejglicovaGirum ZelekeTajana Zeljkovic VrkicYi ZengAndrea ZentaiBing ZhangLuxia ZhangZhen-Yu ZhangDong ZhaoMing-Hui ZhaoWenhua ZhaoYanitsa V. ZhechevaWei ZhengBekbolat ZholdinMaigeng ZhouDan ZhuOleg F. ZhukovSophia Zollner-KiechlPaul ZimmetMarie ZinsEmanuel ZittYanina ZocaloJulio Zuñiga CisnerosMonika ZuziakMajid EzzatiBrito, Miguel2026-05-262026-05-262026-05NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) [Brito M]. Obesity rise plateaus in developed nations and accelerates in developing nations. Nature. 2026;653(8114):510-8.0028-08361476-4687http://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/22902Age-standardized and age-specific results of this study are available on NCD-RisC (www.ncdrisc.org) in machine-readable numerical format and as visualizations. Input data from publicly available sources and contact information for data providers can be downloaded from NCD-RisC (www.ncdrisc.org) and Zenodo127 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18368826).Global reporting of obesity is commonly based on comparisons over multiple decades1 and lacks a granular and systematic analysis of its dynamics. We used 4,050 population-based studies with measured height and weight data on 232 million participants to assess the worldwide dynamics of obesity from 1980 to 2024. The rise in obesity decelerated in school-aged children and adolescents throughout the 1990s in many high-income countries, and subsequently plateaued in most at age-standardized prevalences spanning 20 percentage points, from 3-4% for girls in Japan, Denmark, and France to 23% for boys in the USA. There were indications of a small decline in obesity in children and adolescents in some high-income western countries (for example, Italy, Portugal, and France) since the 2000s. Similar trends were seen in some countries in Central and Eastern Europe. In adults, the rise in obesity slowed down in high-income western countries about a decade after children, followed by a plateau or possibly a small reversal of the rise in some countries (for example, Spain). In most low- and middle-income countries, the annual absolute change in prevalence has remained stable or increased over time, even though prevalence has surpassed that of high-income countries. These highly varied dynamics suggest that the social, economic, and technological trends that influence the availability, affordability, and use of different foods may have helped control the rise in obesity in high-income countries, but require policy interventions in low-income and middle-income countries.engObesityEpidemiologyPublic healthPrevalenceDeveloped countriesDeveloping countriesChildrenjournal article10.1038/s41586-026-10383-0